Sri Lanka’s rising heat is not caused by just one factor. There is a combination of natural climate patterns and long-term environmental change. Weather expert directly point out that one of the key influences is El Niño, a phenomenon that begins in the Pacific Ocean but affects weather across the globe.
During an El Niño phase, ocean waters in the central and eastern Pacific become unusually warm. This disrupts normal wind patterns and weakens the movement of moisture toward regions like South Asia. As a result, countries such as Sri Lanka often experience reduced rainfall and clearer skies, allowing more heat to build up over land.
With fewer clouds and less rain to cool the atmosphere, temperatures rise more sharply during the day. The land absorbs more solar radiation, and without regular showers to release that heat, the environment becomes increasingly dry and warm. This also leads to higher humidity levels, creating uncomfortable “feels-like” temperatures that can be more intense than the actual recorded heat.
In addition, shifting air circulation during El Niño limits cloud formation, further intensifying heat conditions across the island.
However, El Niño alone does not fully explain the increasing severity of heat in Sri Lanka.
The broader impact of Climate Change plays a crucial role. Over the years, global temperatures have steadily risen due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This long-term warming means that when natural events like El Niño occur, their effects are amplified. What might once have been a slightly warmer season now turns into extreme heat waves, with temperatures rising above normal levels and lasting longer than before.
Thus, it is safe to say that El Niño acts as a short-term trigger that disrupts weather patterns, while climate change serves as the underlying force that intensifies these disruptions. Together, they create the extreme heat conditions currently being experienced in Sri Lanka, highlighting the need to understand both natural and human-driven causes behind changing climate patterns.
Sources: https://www.ft.lk/columns/Sri-Lanka-s-rising-heat-Is-El-Niño-the-real-cause/4-790439
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